Persona 3 FES

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]> You gave the correct answer![n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]> Your answer was incorrect...[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]*sigh*[n]December already?[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]It's almost the end of the year...[n]Let's not ruin our last month of the[n]year together with laziness, okay?[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Remember, there's [f 0 2 1]an exam next week[f 0 2 0].[n]Though didn't you guys just have[n]exams...? Time flies.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]The material on the exam begins on[n]page 160, and will include what we[n]go over in today's lesson.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Which is... the definition of[n]allotropy.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]"The property of some elements to exist[n]in two or more forms that are chemically[n]identical, yet physically discrete."[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]...Get it? I bet there's at least one[n]allotrope you guys are familiar with.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Let's see if you know what I'm talking[n]about, [f 0 11].[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Which allotrope is formed by three[n]oxygen atoms?[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 2 1 0 1 1552 1]"Ozone."[e] [f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]"Crimson."[e] [f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]"Dry ice."[e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Wow, good job. I'm sure you'll do[n]fine on the exam.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Every living being needs oxygen[n]to survive.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]And everything on the planet needs[n]ozone, too.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]You know how toxic UV rays have been[n]eating away at the ozone layer, right?[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Due to the environmental destruction,[n]there's less and less ozone...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]I probably have nothing to worry[n]about, but you guys might.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]So watch out, okay?[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Wrong. The answer is ozone.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Every living being needs oxygen[n]to survive.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]And everything on the planet needs[n]ozone, too.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]You know how toxic UV rays have been[n]eating away at the ozone layer, right?[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Due to the environmental destruction,[n]there's less and less ozone...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]I probably have nothing to worry[n]about, but you guys might.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]So watch out, okay?[n][f 0 4][e]

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[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]...Then round up, so... The answer[n]is X=1.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Hmm? It isn't? Oh, I see, this becomes 11,[n]so...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]I'm sorry, you're right. X=2.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Wait... Is that right?[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Okay, uh, your assignment is to[n]figure this one out.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Anyway... Wasn't that incredible?[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Even with a difficult problem like[n]this one, once you solve it, X still[n]equals 1. Or maybe 2.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]What I'm getting at is, math is fun![n]Don't you think so?[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Civilization owes its very existence[n]to math![n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]All right. Today is the [f 1 24]th,[n]so that works out to... your turn,[n][f 0 11].[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Do you know when numbers were[n]invented?[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]"10,000 years ago."[e] [f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 2 1 0 1 1552 1]"6,000 years ago."[e] [f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]"4,000 years ago."[e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]You got it! The Sumerians invented[n]numbers 6,000 years ago.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Later, Arabic numerals were invented[n]in India, which brought us the number[n]0 and countless equations![n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Ahh... the beauty and wonder of it[n]all! Math is MAGNIFICENT![n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]I'm sorry, but that's wrong. You[n]should have listened to the God of[n]Mathematics.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]The Sumerians invented numbers 6,000[n]years ago.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Later, Arabic numerals were invented[n]in India, which brought us the number[n]0 and countless equations![n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Ahh... the beauty and wonder of it[n]all! Math is MAGNIFICENT![n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]...So let's discuss the Earth's[n]rotation today.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]The Earth rotates once every[n]24 hours...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]All right, don't fall asleep or[n]anything. It's basic, but it's an[n]important premise for the rest.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Let's see... Hmm... [f 0 11]?[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]How fast would you say the Earth[n]rotates near the equator?[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]"About 420 km/hour."[e] [f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]"About 850 km/hour."[e] [f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 2 1 0 1 1552 1]"About 1,700 km/hour."[e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Correct! Near the equator, the Earth[n]spins faster than the speed of sound.[n]All right, what's next...?[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Flip to the next page... Oh, this is[n]an application. Let's skip that and...[n]Hm, that's an experiment. Okay, um...[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Sorry, no. Believe it or not, but near[n]the equator, the Earth spins faster[n]than the speed of sound. Moving on...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Flip to the next page... Oh, this is[n]an application. Let's skip that and...[n]Hm, that's an experiment. Okay, um...[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]*sigh* I don't feel like teaching today...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]I was watching TV last night, and[n]there was a special on weight loss.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]"The more you drink, the thinner[n]you get!" Yeah, right![n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]What about the osmotic pressure,[n]huh? It's misinformation, but people[n]believe what they see on TV...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]A lot of companies say stuff like[n]"Our product contains minerals!"[n]But that's a load of hooey.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]There's hardly more than trace[n]elements of whatever they're talking[n]about. It's meaningless.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Did you know that there are different[n]names for water depending on its[n]calcium or magnesium content?[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]You look like you know the answer,[n][f 0 11]... Surprise me.[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]What do you call water without much[n]calcium and magnesium?[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]"Hard water."[e] [f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 2 1 0 1 1552 1]"Soft water."[e] [f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]"Natural water."[e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]That's right. You're better-informed[n]than I thought![n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Most of the water in Japan is soft[n]water.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]That's why many Japanese find it[n]strange to drink hard water, because[n]they're used to the other kind.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Remember, cooking rice with hard water[n]ruins the flavor. Now, let's look at[n]the various ions in water...[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Uh-uh. The answer is soft water.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Most of the water in Japan is soft[n]water.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]That's why many Japanese find it[n]strange to drink hard water, because[n]they're used to the other kind.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Remember, cooking rice with hard water[n]ruins the flavor. Now, let's look at[n]the various ions in water...[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Let's talk about the Heian era today.[n]I won't spend a lot of time on this,[n]so pay attention.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]In 794, the Heian-Kyo was established.[n]In 894, they abolished imperial[n]embassies to China...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]I might put this section on the [f 0 2 1]exam[n]next week[f 0 2 0]... I'm feeling lazy.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Anyways, on to feudalism. Listen[n]carefully, because this has to do[n]with the origins of the samurai.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]I choose... you, [f 0 11]![n]Let's see if you know.[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]What law served as a foundation for[n]the development of feudalism?[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]"The Sanze Isshin no Hou."[e] [f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 2 1 0 1 1552 1]"The Konden Einen Shizaihou."[e] [f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]"The Goseibai Shikimoku."[e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Good, you remembered. It's got a[n]very long name, doesn't it?[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]This law was enacted because the[n]previous law, the Sanze Isshin no[n]Hou, didn't help.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]The farmers got lazy. Not that that's[n]unusual for any era... But that's[n]all for the Heian period.[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]You can do better than that! You're[n]descended from the samurai![n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]The correct answer is the Konden[n]Einen Shizaihou.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]This law was enacted because the[n]previous law, the Sanze Isshin no[n]Hou, didn't help.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]The farmers got lazy. Not that that's[n]unusual for any era... But that's[n]all for the Heian period.[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Let's translate the paragraph on[n]page 30, shall we?[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]The bell's going to ring soon, so[n]make this quick![n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]In this scene, the family is sitting[n]down to dinner.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Doesn't it warm your heart?[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Now, who wants to answer a question?[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Today's the [f 1 24]th, so I'll pick...[n][f 0 11].[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]One of the items on the menu for the[n]family is "pan." How would you[n]translate this to English?[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 2 1 0 1 1552 1]"Bread."[e] [f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]"Chicken."[e] [f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]"Pancakes."[e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Good job![n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]"Pan" means "bread" in English.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]The term "pan" came from Portugal[n]to Japan a long time ago.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 0 2 1]This will be on the next exam[f 0 2 0],[n]so make sure you got this covered![n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]We've still got a couple minutes[n]left... Oh, in today's newspaper...[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Nope. Good try, though![n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]"Pan" means "bread" in English.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]The term "pan" came from Portugal[n]to Japan a long time ago.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 0 2 1]This will be on the next exam[f 0 2 0],[n]so make sure you got this covered![n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]We've still got a couple minutes[n]left... Oh, in today's newspaper...[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 0 31 44 10 1 1]Winter break starts tomorrow, though[n]I'm sure most of you are just going to[n]sleep in during New Year's.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]You'd better stop relying on your[n]parents so much. For heaven's sake,[n]at least peel your own oranges.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Let's skip the lecture for today,[n]and go to homeroom.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Well then, [f 0 11]...[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 0 31 44 10 1 1]A moment of passion suddenly arises[n]in the summer! What do you do?[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]"Go after it!"[e] [f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]"Ms. Toriumi is the one for me..."[e] [f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 2 1 0 1 1552 1]"Stay calm and act accordingly."[e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 0 31 44 10 1 1]Good for you. It would be boring[n]without some romance and whatnot,[n]but don't lose control.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Enjoy it while you're still[n]young... *sigh*[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 0 31 44 10 1 1]Don't even think about it, kid![n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Youth...[n]Curse youth...[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Quiet down! Summer vacation's over![n]You're back in school now, so act[n]accordingly![n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Now, let's review.[n]...[f 0 11].[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]What do you call the phenomenon[n]when electrical resistance is zero?[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 2 1 0 1 1552 1]"Superconductivity."[e] [f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]"Absolute zero."[e] [f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]"The Quantum Hall Effect."[e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Exactly. Been studying, I see.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]A superconductive material has zero[n]electrical resistance.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]As a result, electric current can[n]travel eternally through a[n]superconductive circuit.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]......[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Many years ago, I tried to use this[n]fact to confess my love to someone...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]"My love for you is superconductive!"[n]I told them.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]......[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Sure enough, she liked my enthusiasm,[n]and we started dating.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]But enthusiasm isn't very scientific.[n]I lost interest in her before long.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]All right, in the next section...[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]...Is your head still on vacation?[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]A superconductive material has zero[n]electrical resistance.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]As a result, electric current can[n]travel eternally through a[n]superconductive circuit.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]......[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Many years ago, I tried to use this[n]fact to confess my love to someone...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]"My love for you is superconductive!"[n]I told them.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]......[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Sure enough, she liked my enthusiasm,[n]and we started dating.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]But enthusiasm isn't very scientific.[n]I lost interest in her before long.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]All right, in the next section...[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 0 31 44 10 1 1]Let's see here... [f 0 2 1]Finals will start[n]next Tuesday.[f 0 2 0] Geez, we just had an[n]exam. What a pain...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Well, maybe "pain" wasn't the word[n]I'm looking for. English phrases are[n]pretty tricky...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Now, let's talk about comma splices.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]I'm sure you've heard all about them[n]before, but to review...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]A comma splice is when two independent[n]clauses are joined by a comma, with no[n]conjunction.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Okay, [f 0 11]![n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 0 31 44 10 1 1]Here's a question for you...[n]Dun dun dunnn![n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Which of these phrases is incorrect?[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]"I failed; It's over now."[e] [f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 2 1 0 1 1552 1]"I failed, It's over now."[e] [f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]"I failed. It's over now."[e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 0 31 44 10 1 1]Whoa! I didn't think you'd get it![n]Good for you![n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]That's a comma splice.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]...Got it?[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]If no one has any questions, let's[n]move on.[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 0 31 44 10 1 1]Bzzzzt! I thought that one was a[n]dead giveaway.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]A comma cannot be used to link two[n]independent clauses.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]That's a comma splice.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]...Got it?[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]If no one has any questions, let's[n]move on.[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]We'll be talking about nuclear[n]fission today.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Imagine a nuclear reaction in which[n]a massive nucleus splits into smaller[n]nuclei, releasing energy as it does.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]I believe you all know that much.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]The reaction emits massive quantities[n]of energy, which is why it's used in[n]nuclear power plants.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]...You all know that Japan has three[n]nuclear prohibitions in place, right?[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Let's see... [f 0 11].[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Which of these is NOT one of Japan's[n]prohibitions on nuclear weapons?[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Can't produce[e] [f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 2 1 0 1 1552 1]Can't let others produce[e] [f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Can't allow into Japan[e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Correct. We forbid possession,[n]production, and admission of nuclear[n]weapons within Japan.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]The third prohibition is a little[n]controversial, but this is physics[n]class, not political science.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Now as for nuclear fission...[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]I'm afraid not. That should be[n]common knowledge for Japanese[n]citizens.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]We forbid possession, production,[n]and admission of nuclear weapons[n]within Japan.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]The third prohibition is a little[n]controversial, but this is physics[n]class, not political science.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Now as for nuclear fission...[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Here we go! Finally, we're up to[n]Taira no Masakado! The turning point[n]of the era of the samurai![n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]It all began from infighting among the[n]Taira clan. Their conflict escalated[n]until the Imperial Court intervened.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Masakado was pursued by the Imperial[n]Court, and had no choice but to[n]openly oppose them...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]The result was known as the War of[n]Masakado.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 0 11]... You don't look[n]anything like a samurai, but[n]let's see if you know this one.[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]What title did Taira No Masakado[n]claim for himself?[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]"King."[e] [f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 2 1 0 1 1552 1]"Imperial Prince."[e] [f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]"Satan."[e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Correct![n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]This will be on the [f 0 2 1]exam next[n]week[f 0 2 0], so be prepared![n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Let's skip forward a little to the[n]Kamakura era![n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]At last! The samurai's presence[n]begins to be felt in history![n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]In 1192, the Kamakura shogunate was[n]established. Yes! We're there![n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]And of course, its founder was[n]Minamoto no Yoritomo. I can't[n]believe we're finally here![n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Wrong! He called himself the[n]Imperial Prince, of course.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]This will be on the [f 0 2 1]exam next[n]week[f 0 2 0], so be prepared![n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Let's skip forward a little to the[n]Kamakura era![n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]At last! The samurai's presence[n]begins to be felt in history![n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]In 1192, the Kamakura shogunate was[n]established. Yes! We're there![n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]And of course, its founder was[n]Minamoto no Yoritomo. I can't[n]believe we're finally here![n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 0 31 44 10 1 1]Next is... Let's see here...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 0 11], don't think I don't[n]see you there.[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 0 31 44 10 1 1]Which way is incorrect:[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]"I should have done it," or[n]"I should of done it." Do you[n]know the difference?[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 2 1 0 1 1552 1]"'I should of' is wrong."[e] [f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]"'I should have' is wrong."[e] [f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]I can't tell the difference...[e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 0 31 44 10 1 1]Right on, [f 0 11]! Junpei, you[n]should study with him more often.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]You see, though "should of" sounds[n]like "should've," grammatically[n]speaking, "should have" is correct.[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 0 31 44 10 1 1]Ouch... You're just as bad[n]as Junpei.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]You see, though "should of" sounds[n]like "should've," grammatically[n]speaking, "should have" is correct.[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 0 31 44 10 1 1]And so, the girl disappeared into[n]the garden...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]......[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Wasn't that a wonderful poem? It was[n]better than the ones in the book, so[n]I brought it along to share.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Now let's see... Today's date is[n]the [f 1 24]th, so divide it and...[n][f 0 11]?[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 0 31 44 10 1 1]The poem mentions a flower called[n]Sazanka, or Sasanqua. Do you know[n]what we call this flower?[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]"I wasn't listening..."[e] [f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]"A lotus."[e] [f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 2 1 0 1 1552 1]"A camellia."[e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 0 31 44 10 1 1]I knew that anyone who understands[n]such a wonderful poem would be able[n]to answer the question![n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]I'm really confident about this[n]piece... Maybe I'll enter it in[n]the next contest![n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 0 31 44 10 1 1]Ugh... You just ruined a wonderful[n]poem! You could have figured it out[n]if you'd give it some thought![n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Well, I'm still really confident[n]about this piece. Maybe I'll enter[n]it in the next contest![n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]It's November already... The seniors[n]must be frantically studying now.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]You'll share their fate next year.[n]I can see you all now, tearing your[n]hair out...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Anyway, it's a bit cold today, but[n]there's no need for the heater. Can[n]you tell us why, [f 0 11]?[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Winter is cold; you must appreciate[n]the temperature rather than curse it.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]That's the Japanese way. Do you[n]understand? You don't, do you?[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]As Sei Shounagon once said, "Fuyu[n]wa tsutomete..."[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]I'm sure you know what that means,[n][f 0 11].[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 2 1 0 1 1552 1]"Winter mornings are pleasant."[e] [f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]"Winter is a calm season."[e] [f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]"We work hard in winter."[e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]So you do have a bit of common[n]sense... "Tsutomete" means "early[n]morning."[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]She admires what the snow represents...[n]The beauty of the winter frost.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Rather than cursing the winter chill,[n]she appreciates its positive qualities.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Oh, how wonderful Japanese is![n]As opposed to modern youth, anyway.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]If you think my hair is frosty, too,[n]remember that you'll eventually be[n]just like me...[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]...Is your Japanese rusty? Have you[n]just returned from a trip abroad?[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]"Tsutomete" means "early morning."[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]She admires what the snow represents...[n]The beauty of the winter frost.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Rather than cursing the winter chill,[n]she appreciates its positive qualities.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Oh, how wonderful Japanese is![n]As opposed to modern youth, anyway.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]If you think my hair is frosty, too,[n]remember that you'll eventually be[n]just like me...[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Okay everyone, come get your tests,[n]so we can go over them.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]On question 1, you had to use the[n]formula we spent several days on[n]to solve it. Remember?[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]The next question was a word problem[n]about calendars.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Does anyone here buy a new calendar[n]every year? If you do, you're wasting[n]your money.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]You see, calendars have only a set[n]number of patterns.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]After all, how many days can January[n]1st possibly fall on?[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]I'll pick a student mathematically.[n]Let's see... [f 0 11].[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]How many calendar patterns are there?[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]"Seven."[e] [f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 2 1 0 1 1552 1]"Fourteen."[e] [f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]"Twenty-eight."[e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Correct! Well done![n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Obviously, January 1st can only fall[n]on seven days: Monday through Sunday.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]But you must factor in the possibility[n]of a leap day at the end of February.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Which gives you seven more patterns...[n]Two variations based on seven days[n]gives you fourteen patterns in all.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Any year you can name falls into one[n]of these fourteen.[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]No... You need to think about these[n]questions more elegantly.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Obviously, January 1st can only fall[n]on seven days: Monday through Sunday.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]But you must factor in the possibility[n]of a leap day at the end of February.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Which gives you seven more patterns...[n]Two variations based on seven days[n]gives you fourteen patterns in all.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Any year you can name falls into one[n]of these fourteen.[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 0 2 1]Exams start next Tuesday[f 0 2 0]...[n]I'd rather spend the time doing[n]experiments.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]The precise moment when two agents[n]come into contact... It's so exciting![n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]All right, [f 0 11], it's your turn[n]to answer my question today.[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]It's Japanese tradition to place[n]some salt next to the entrance of[n]a bar... Wait, we covered this.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Okay, new question. Do you know why[n]a matador's capote is red?[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 2 1 0 1 1552 1]"To excite the audience."[e] [f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]"To excite the bull."[e] [f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]"To hide the blood."[e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Oh... you knew? Well, that's[n]correct.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Bulls can't distinguish red from any[n]other color. It's the fluttering of[n]the capote that excites them.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]The audience, however, becomes very[n]anxious at the red cape. Human reaction[n]to color is very interesting...[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Haha! What fun would teaching be[n]if students knew anything?[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Bulls can't distinguish red from any[n]other color. It's the fluttering of[n]the capote that excites them.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]The audience, however, becomes very[n]anxious at the red cape. Human reaction[n]to color is very interesting...[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 0 31 44 10 1 1]Our language can be very complex...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Now then... Junpei's looking shifty,[n]so how about you, [f 0 11]?[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 0 31 44 10 1 1]Fill in the blank with the appropriate[n]conjunction: "It rained all last week,[n]_____ it'll rain again today."[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]"But..."[e] [f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 2 1 0 1 1552 1]"And..."[e] [f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]"Probably..."[e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 0 31 44 10 1 1]That's absolutely correct! You'd[n]make a great composition teacher[n]someday, [f 0 11].[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]You wouldn't use "but" to compare two[n]situations that are identical, and[n]"probably" isn't a conjunction.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]So "and" is the way to go.[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 0 31 44 10 1 1]Tsk! If you made a mistake like that[n]on a test, I'd fail you on the spot.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]It's not hard, if you just put some[n]thought into it![n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]You wouldn't use "but" to compare two[n]situations that are identical, and[n]"probably" isn't a conjunction.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]So "and" is the way to go.[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]The next chapter is about enzymes...[n]Are you worried it'll go over your[n]head?[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Don't worry. You're already familiar[n]with the main places enzymes can be[n]found... your own body.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Let's see if you can tell the class,[n][f 0 11]...[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Consider milk, which contains lactic[n]acid.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]One type of enzyme's function is to[n]break lactic acid into glucose and[n]galactose...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]What is that enzyme called?[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]"Invertase."[e] [f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]"Sucrase."[e] [f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 2 1 0 1 1552 1]"Lactase."[e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Yep, you got it.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Some people get stomachaches from[n]drinking milk, because their bodies[n]can't produce enough lactase.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]The same thing happens for some[n]people and alcohol, if they lack[n]enzymes to break the alcohol down.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]But if you're wondering if you have[n]that particular enzyme... don't try[n]to find out until you're 21, okay?[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Hmm, not quite. The answer is lactase.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Some people get stomachaches from[n]drinking milk, because their bodies[n]can't produce enough lactase.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]The same thing happens for some[n]people and alcohol, if they lack[n]enzymes to break the alcohol down.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]But if you're wondering if you have[n]that particular enzyme... don't try[n]to find out until you're 21, okay?[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 0 31 44 10 1 1]Happy New Year, everyone.[n]Winter break is over now.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]No more booze... Oh, you guys are[n]underage. Wow, I feel sorry for you.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Well! Let's get right down to[n]business. It's a new year, so[n]we'll start with the basics.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]It's a simple concept, but students[n]often get it wrong. I'm talking[n]about the apostrophe.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Okay, [f 0 11].[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 0 31 44 10 1 1]Of the three phrases I've written[n]on the blackboard, tell me...[n]Which one is correct?[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]"Its wrong."[e] [f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 2 1 0 1 1552 1]"It's wrong."[e] [f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]"Its' wrong."[e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 0 31 44 10 1 1]That's absolutely right.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]"It's" is a contraction of "It is."[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]"Its" is a possessive word. You could[n]say "its tail" or "its temperature,"[n]but not "its wrong."[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]There's another pair of words that[n]are commonly confused...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]"They're" and "their" have the same[n]pronunciation, but they're not[n]interchangeable, so watch out.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Now, open your textbooks.[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 0 31 44 10 1 1]No! Wrong! Totally wrong! Where'd[n]you learn this!? Stop doing it![n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]"It's" is a contraction of "It is."[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]"Its" is a possessive word. You could[n]say "its tail" or "its temperature,"[n]but not "its wrong."[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]There's another pair of words that[n]are commonly confused...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]"They're" and "their" have the same[n]pronunciation, but they're not[n]interchangeable, so watch out.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Now, open your textbooks.[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Okay everyone, listen up.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Everyone know what tofu is, right?[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]It's a high-protein health food made[n]of soybeans.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Soy sauce is another food that's[n]obviously made from soybeans.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Now... [f 0 11].[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Natto comes from soybeans, too,[n]but how is it made?[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]"By boiling them."[e] [f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 2 1 0 1 1552 1]"By fermenting them."[e] [f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]"By stir-frying them."[e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Right.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Natto is fermented, which is why[n]it's sticky.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]It's a Japanese food, but even here,[n]a handful of people can't stand the[n]taste of it...[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Wrong![n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Natto is fermented, which is why[n]it's sticky.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]It's a Japanese food, but even here,[n]a handful of people can't stand the[n]taste of it...[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Oh, how sublimely the heroine[n]Murasakino-ue is portrayed in[n]this passage![n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]She was written to be the ideal[n]woman of the Heian period...[n]The quintessential Heian beauty.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Speaking of Heian beauty... Here's[n]a question for you, [f 0 11].[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]The chief criteria for Heian beauty[n]was the length of a woman's hair,[n]though cosmetics were important too.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]They used white makeup, plucked their[n]eyebrows in favor of drawn-on ones,[n]and colored their teeth with limonite.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]But do you think the men did these[n]things?[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]"They plucked their eyebrows."[e] [f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]"They colored their teeth."[e] [f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 2 1 0 1 1552 1]"They did both."[e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Hmph... I suppose it was an[n]easy question.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]It was a unified style. Whether man[n]or woman, every adult sported this[n]fashion.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Even though the white powder was lead-[n]based and unhealthy, they wore it to[n]uphold their standards of beauty.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Compared to them, you guys are...[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Hah! Wrong again. Maybe a little[n]makeup would hide your shame.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]It was a unified style. Whether man[n]or woman, every adult sported this[n]fashion.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Even though the white powder was lead-[n]based and unhealthy, they wore it to[n]uphold their standards of beauty.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Compared to them, you guys are...[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 0 31 44 10 1 1]So now do you understand the[n]difference between "otsukuri"[n]and "sashimi"?[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Let's see... Umm... Ah,[n][f 0 11]! You looked up just[n]now, so you must know![n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 0 31 44 10 1 1]"Sashimi" literally means "pierced[n]flesh," but the fish is actually[n]cut. Where does the name come from?[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]"It was once pierced."[e] [f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]"It just sounds good."[e] [f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 2 1 0 1 1552 1]"They didn't want to say 'cut.'"[e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 0 31 44 10 1 1]Wow... You'd do great on one of[n]those quiz shows.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]The word "cut" was disliked in[n]the samurai society. The reasons[n]for this were...[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 0 31 44 10 1 1]Well, not quite. In the samurai[n]society, use of the word "cut"[n]was frowned upon.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Was it because it reminded them[n]of being cut by a katana? Well,[n]anyway...[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 0 31 44 10 3 1]...Kenji! Hey, Kenji![n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 0 31 44 10 1 1]Geez, he's completely out of it.[n]He should start drinking coffee[n]before he comes to class...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]How about you, [f 0 11]?[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 0 31 44 10 1 1]Everyone knows that "coffee" is[n]derived from Arabic. Or you should,[n]because I told you that last time.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]But which one of these things is[n]NOT Arabic?[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]"Sugar."[e] [f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]"Magazines."[e] [f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 2 1 0 1 1552 1]"Wristwatches."[e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 0 31 44 10 1 1]Bingo! You hit the jackpot.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Both "sugar" and "magazine" had their[n]origins in Arabic.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]However, they're derived from European[n]languages, not directly from Arabic.[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 0 31 44 10 1 1]Too bad... The answer is "wristwatch."[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Both "sugar" and "magazine" had their[n]origins in Arabic.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]However, they're derived from European[n]languages, not directly from Arabic.[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 0 31 43 10 1 1]All right, let's get started.[n]Palas aron azinomas...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]We all need to start somewhere.[n]Rome wasn't built in a day![n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]The same goes for magic. It's important[n]to learn the basics.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]So today, I'll tell you about the origins[n]of magic.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Long, long ago, at the dawn of civilization,[n]man created primitive religions.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Animism, totemism, and shamanism all fall[n]into this category. You learned them in[n]world history, right?[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]That last one, shamanism, is important[n]to the origins of magic.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Shamans would fall into a trance state[n]and act as the intermediary between[n]the worlds, but...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]It counts as "magic," where humans can[n]have the power of gods and spirits in[n]their own hands.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]This shaman-style magical tradition[n]would later be embraced by witches.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Take the common European witch, as[n]an example.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]People today think witches derived[n]their power from contracts with the[n]devil...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]But that's just the image that[n]Christianity imposed on them.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]The witches' predecessors were more[n]like maidens serving the gods.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]It was through prayer to those gods[n]that they earned their powers.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]They learned to control their magic[n]without losing consciousness during[n]their trance states.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]That's how they originally awoke to[n]magic.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Originally, Europe was full of religions[n]that worshipped a slew of various gods.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]They were generically called[n]"paganism."[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]And for your information, the celebrations[n]of Christmas and Halloween have pagan[n]backgrounds.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]...Are you all still listening?[n]No trance states, now... Eeeheehee.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]I'll give you a little test to see[n]if you're paying attention.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Get it wrong, and your afterlife won't[n]be pleasant. Pallas aron azinomas...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Who should I pick...? All right,[n][f 0 11], I ask thee.[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 0 31 43 10 1 1]What formed the origins of magic?[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]"Totemism."[e] [f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]"Animism."[e] [f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 2 1 0 1 1552 1]"Shamanism."[e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 0 31 43 10 1 1]Very good... You'll be born into[n]your next life as a human again.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Now then, paganism and Christianity[n]have a tighter connection to one another[n]than you'd think.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]As the Roman Empire grew stronger,[n]so did the population of Christians[n]in the empire.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]At first, each religion carried on its own[n]worship separately, but...[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 0 31 43 10 1 1]Wrong. Enjoy your next life as[n]a chupacabra.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Now then, paganism and Christianity[n]have a tighter connection to one another[n]than you'd think.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]As the Roman Empire grew stronger,[n]so did the population of Christians[n]in the empire.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]At first, each religion carried on its own[n]worship separately, but...[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 0 31 43 10 1 1]Silence! Class is beginning.[n]Sebna uru quah...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]I plan on using the word "magic"[n]in a very general sense.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]But today, we'll talk about the single[n]most magical place and time.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Today's topic is the magic of[n]medieval Europe.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]There are a lot of materials pertaining to[n]western magic, from books to folklore.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]We'll cover all of it, including the changes[n]it's gone through.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]As I mentioned last time, European magic[n]has its origins in paganism.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Starting with Christianity, though,[n]it's been influenced by the influx of[n]various cultures.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Some well-known examples are...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Kabbalah, the study of the mystical[n]aspects of Jewish texts.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Gnosticism, a Christian sect founded by[n]Simon Magus, the Sorcerer.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Greece's philosophy and natural sciences[n]were the fruits of magical researchers...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]The same was true of Islam's scientific[n]advances, which surpassed Europe's[n]at the time.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Now, as for the circumstances of magic[n]in this age...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]It was an era where the rule of[n]Christianity and the insight of the[n]natural sciences collided.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Magicians bravely reached up for[n]a connection with the gods...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]...Are you all awake? You're not[n]daydreaming, right? Eeeheehee.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]A little test, to see if you were[n]listening...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Get it wrong, and you'll get a scary[n]guardian angel. Sebna uru quah...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Who should I choose...? All right,[n][f 0 11], I ask thee.[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 0 31 43 10 1 1]What is the mystical study of[n]Jewish texts?[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]"Lemegeton."[e] [f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]"Gnosticism."[e] [f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 2 1 0 1 1552 1]"Kabbalah."[e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 0 31 43 10 1 1]Very good.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]The magicians of the age achieved[n]great things...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Particularly the famous "grimoires."[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Grimoires are collections of a wide range[n]of magical texts, and...[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 0 31 43 10 1 1]Wrong! You get a fallen samurai from[n]Okehazama for your guardian angel.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Now then, the magicians of the age[n]achieved great things...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Particularly the famous "grimoires."[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Grimoires are collections of a wide range[n]of magical texts, and...[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 0 31 43 10 1 1]Hello, class. Bagahi Laca Bachabe...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Are you ready? Then, let's begin.[n]Today, we'll discuss the magic of[n]the Renaissance.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]The Renaissance was a time when[n]the arts and the sciences enjoyed[n]a resurgence in Europe.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Naturally, this had a profound influence[n]on magic.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]It might be more accurate to say[n]the two studies helped improve[n]one another...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]As to why the Renaissance helped[n]to further magic...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]They had found a way to escape[n]the rule of the church.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]By studying the teachings of previously[n]forbidden sects, the knowledge of magic[n]spread greatly.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]The Renaissance also brought about[n]the revival of ancient Greek and[n]Roman literature.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Magical texts, such as the Hermetica,[n]received new translations and study.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Philosophy, natural history, alchemy,[n]astrology...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]The book was filled with a wide[n]range of subjects, and could be[n]called the bible of magic.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Just as science and astronomy have made[n]strides in the modern day...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]So, too, has the art of magic.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]You can see this in the emergence[n]of a great magician, who applied[n]the knowledge of the Renaissance.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]John Dee was a professor who advised[n]the Queen of England, but...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]...with the magical knowledge he[n]obtained, he was able to talk to angels.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Then there was Hohenheim, a doctor[n]who traveled across Europe...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]He became known as Paracelsus,[n]a renowned physician and alchemist.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Of course, a magician's life wasn't[n]an easy one.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Both men lived lives riddled with[n]persecution.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]...Are you all listening? Keep your minds[n]down to Earth! Eeeheehee.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Here's a test to see if you were[n]paying attention.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Get it wrong, and your house will[n]become irrevocably haunted.[n]Bagahi Laca Bachabe...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Now... Who should be my victim?[n][f 0 11], I ask thee.[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 0 31 43 10 1 1]Which book helped further the art[n]of magic during the Renaissance?[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]"The Book of Enoch."[e] [f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]"The Book of Thoth."[e] [f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 2 1 0 1 1552 1]"The Hermetica."[e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 0 31 43 10 1 1]Correct. Back to your peaceful life.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Magic at the time had a great influence[n]on the church-ruled society.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Several magicians were involved with[n]the central part of the Renaissance,[n]the religious revolution...[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 0 31 43 10 1 1]Wrong! Now you'll be seeing a[n]woman's face in the ceiling...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Magic at the time had a great influence[n]on the church-ruled society.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Several magicians were involved with[n]the central part of the Renaissance,[n]the religious revolution...[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 0 31 43 10 1 1]Let's begin, class. Ahih Adni[n]Tetragrammaton...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]We've covered the times of magical[n]growth, and now we've just about[n]reached the modern age.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Every art or science branches off[n]into sub-studies as it progresses...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Magic, too, was subdivided around[n]the 18th century.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Some people preached about morals,[n]some focused on communicating with[n]spirits, and so on.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]There was even a man who founded[n]modern psychology through his[n]research on hypnosis.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]This, too, is magic: the ability to see[n]into the human mind.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]As a result of the flourishing[n]magical research, witch hunts[n]became more common...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]To avoid this, magic began to progress[n]in "secret societies."[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]I'm sure many of you have heard[n]the names of these organizations...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]The Rosicrucian Order, the Freemasons,[n]the Illuminati, the Golden Dawn...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Many of these societies are still[n]with us today.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]The forefathers of modern magic are[n]too numerous to count.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]For instance, there's Eliphas Levi,[n]the man who attempted to combine[n]modern and ancient systems of magic.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]His literature, which took a scientific[n]approach, is still published today.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Madam Blavatsky was the biggest[n]magician of the 19th century, and[n]a renowned Theosophist.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Many magical societies have stemmed[n]from the Theosophical Society that[n]she founded.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Mesmer opened the path to psychology[n]in his studies on life energy.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Rudolf Steiner helped spread the[n]knowledge of anthroposophy.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]There was Aleister Crowley, of course,[n]the 20th century's grand magician...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]And Gurdjieff, a mystic who taught[n]his many students the Fourth Way.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]All of them had incredible stores[n]of knowledge.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]...Are you all listening? You're not frozen[n]with fear, I trust? Eeeheehee.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]I'll test you, to see how well[n]you've been paying attention.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Get it wrong, and your zodiac[n]sign will change. Ahah Adonai[n]Tetragrammaton...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Who to choose...? Ah, [f 0 11].[n]I ask thee...[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 0 31 43 10 1 1]Who was the founder of Theosophy,[n]which gave rise to many magical[n]societies?[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]"Eliphas Levi."[e] [f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 2 1 0 1 1552 1]"Madam Blavatsky."[e] [f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]"Aleister Crowley."[e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 0 31 43 10 1 1]Very good. Remember to be purified[n]on your unlucky years...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Now then, the magical arts progressed[n]even further with practical use.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]With the knowledge spread by the[n]people we've discussed today...[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 0 31 43 10 1 1]Wrong! Your sign is now the Cat--[n]your year will never come![n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Now then, the magical arts progressed[n]even further with practical use.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]With the knowledge spread by the[n]people we've discussed today...[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 0 31 43 10 1 1]We begin! Om vajra-ratna Om...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Today, we'll be examining regional[n]forms of magic.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]First up is India, one of the birthplaces[n]of magic.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]You may not think of India as an especially[n]magical place, but...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]It's precisely the opposite.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]If you think about it, esoteric[n]Buddhist magic came from India...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]It was a definite influence on[n]Gnosticism, and a foundation of[n]modern-day theosophy.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]It's said that the Upanishads, part of the[n]Vedas, are the original books of magic.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Many ancient Indians were passionate[n]in their search for magic.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]These Indian magicians emerged in[n]similar circumstances as other places[n]around the world.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]In India, it's traditional to lead[n]a pious life...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]But eventually, some people claimed[n]to have gained immense power through[n]Tapasya.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]At first, their claims were rejected,[n]but they slowly gained power and[n]numbers...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Eventually, they were accepted into[n]common practice.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]They are the asceticists mentioned[n]in the Upanishads.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]However, a normal human wouldn't be[n]able to mimic their skills.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]The tapasvins have surpassed the[n]limitations of humanity.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Do you think you could fast and[n]pray for months at a time, without[n]eating or sleeping?[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]You'd die before attaining any powers![n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]So, it's understandable that the Buddha[n]rejected such extreme asceticism.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Of course, the Upanishads aren't[n]all about such wild practices.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]They contain very practical methods,[n]too. Yoga, for instance, was also[n]introduced in these scriptures.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]...Are you all listening? No out-of-body[n]projections, now! Eeeheehee.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Perhaps a test is in order, to see[n]if you were listening...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Get it wrong, and I'll pile on some[n]extra bad karma. Om vajra-ratna Om...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Who should I call on? How about you,[n][f 0 11]? I ask thee...[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 0 31 43 10 1 1]What is the ancient Indian magical text[n]I mentioned today?[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 2 1 0 1 1552 1]"The Upanishads."[e] [f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]"The Mahabharata."[e] [f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]"The Ramayana."[e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 0 31 43 10 1 1]Correct! Remember to live an honest life.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Moving forward... Yoga is full of[n]variations.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Some asanas are for health, while[n]others are for prayer and worship.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]One important system is Hatha yoga,[n]the type of yoga people are most[n]familiar with today.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]In this yoga, one cultivates a healthy body[n]to attain purity of mind...[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 0 31 43 10 1 1]Wrong! You get a year's worth of[n]the Principal's karma![n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Moving forward... Yoga is full of[n]variations.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Some asanas are for health, while[n]others are for prayer and worship.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]One important system is Hatha yoga,[n]the type of yoga people are most[n]familiar with today.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]In this yoga, one cultivates a healthy body[n]to attain purity of mind...[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 0 31 43 10 1 1]Right, let's begin. Tohokami emitama...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Today, we'll finally talk about magic[n]right here in Japan.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Though I'm sure you think you're[n]familiar with it already, you[n]probably aren't.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]The view that magic is a dubious[n]subculture is becoming more common...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]But what is swept into the corners[n]of society today was once central[n]to Japan.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]It could even be said that magic[n]was invented in Japan.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]After all, Himiko of Yama-taikoku[n]was a shaman.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]She reportedly used magic called[n]"Kido" to control the country.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Sadly, we have no way of knowing[n]what kind of sorcery that was...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]The same is true for Prince Shotoku, who[n]established a centralized government.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]He practiced Onmyodo, so in a sense,[n]he was also a shaman.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]With origins like this, magic was[n]naturally woven into the very fabric[n]of Japan.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]In the Heian period, for example...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]The Bureau of Onmyo was established,[n]for Onmyouji to expel evil spirits[n]and give spiritual advice.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]You may be familiar with that from[n]the legend of Abe no Seimei.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Even in the age of the samurai,[n]magicians played their part.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Many generals who studied divination[n]and military tactics could be considered[n]magicians.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Are you all listening? Don't become[n]mesmerized, now... Eeeheehee.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]I'll test you to see how closely[n]you've been paying attention.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Get it wrong, and you'll hear more[n]taboo phrases. Tohokami emitama...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Who to call on... Ah, [f 0 11].[n]I ask thee...[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 0 31 43 10 1 1]What sorcery was Himiko said to[n]have used?[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]"Onmyodo."[e] [f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 2 1 0 1 1552 1]"Kido."[e] [f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]"Jukindo."[e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 0 31 43 10 1 1]Very good. Thank your kotodama[n]for that one.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]The trend of tying magic to the people[n]continued to the Edo period, but...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]The new government formed during[n]the Meiji Reformation stamped it out.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Tsuchimikado Shinto, which had been[n]revived during the Edo period, faded[n]away...[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 0 31 43 10 1 1]Wrong! From today on, the word[n]"petite" will be taboo.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]The trend of tying magic to the people[n]continued to the Edo period, but...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]The new government formed during[n]the Meiji Reformation stamped it out.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Tsuchimikado Shinto, which had been[n]revived during the Edo period, faded[n]away...[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 0 31 43 10 1 1]Let's get started. Xilka, Xilka,[n]Besa, Besa...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Lately, there's been a lot going on[n]in the world...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]But, you shouldn't let it get to you.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Common people are too susceptible to[n]occult knowledge.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]The worst thing a magician can do[n]is lose control.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Always do what must be done,[n]and you'll be fine.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Anyway... Today's lecture is on[n]the magic of Greece.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Greece is known as the birthplace of[n]Western philosophy and rationality,[n]but...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]The art of curses advanced right[n]alongside them.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Philosophers such as Socrates, Thales,[n]and Plato were Greek, but...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]It was also the home to legendary[n]enchantresses.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]For example, there was Medea, the[n]passionate sorceress of Colchis.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]She was a witch who didn't hesitate[n]to kill her brother, or even her own[n]children.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Then there was Circe, daughter of[n]Helios, who was an expert in both[n]poison and medicine.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Without Hermes' help, the legendary[n]Odysseus would have been changed[n]into a pig.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]...These may have only been myths,[n]but reading between the lines, you can[n]see Greek's views on magic.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Greek magic began to take shape[n]around the 8th century B.C.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]It was around the same time that[n]the poleis, or city-states, were[n]developing.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Like many ancient civilizations,[n]they worshipped protector gods.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]There were temples that priestesses[n]tended; these women would double[n]as oracles.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Gradually, however, these ceremonies[n]were performed in secret rather than[n]in public.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]The reason for this was the people's[n]desire to monopolize the power of[n]the gods.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]They copied the barbaric practices[n]of legend: sacrifices, drinking,[n]orgiastic festivals...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Dangerous acts such as these became[n]widespread.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Apollo, Dionysus, Orpheus...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]These were the gods they invoked[n]when performing the rituals.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]...Are you all listening? Don't cross[n]the river Styx, now... Eeeheehee.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]I'll test to see if you were listening or not.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Get it wrong, and your aura will shift...[n]Xilka, Xilka, Besa, Besa...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Now, who should I pick? I choose thee...[n][f 0 11]![n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 0 31 43 10 1 1]I mentioned two Greek sorceresses.[n]One was Medea; who was the other?[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]"Polis."[e] [f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 2 1 0 1 1552 1]"Circe."[e] [f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]"Hecate."[e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 0 31 43 10 1 1]Very good! Your aura is as clear[n]as a mountain spring.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]It was secrecy like that which turned[n]priestesses into sorceresses.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Teachings originally meant to bring[n]salvation to the body and soul fell into[n]mere drunken orgies...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]...luring people to the hideous path[n]of immorality.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Necrophilia, using babies for[n]potion ingredients...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]This is where the abominable[n]"black arts" began...[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 0 31 43 10 1 1]Wrong! Your aura is now as cloudy[n]as chocolate mints.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]It was secrecy like that which turned[n]priestesses into sorceresses.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Teachings originally meant to bring[n]salvation to the body and soul fell into[n]mere drunken orgies...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]...luring people to the hideous path[n]of immorality.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Necrophilia, using babies for[n]potion ingredients...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]This is where the abominable[n]"black arts" began...[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 0 31 43 10 1 1]Please sit down so we can begin[n]today's lecture. Ada Ada Io Ada Dia...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Mrs. Terauchi was supposed to teach[n]today, but she's had an emergency.[n]I'll be your instructor instead.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Today, we'll learn about natural[n]magic.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]It's similar to paganism, which we[n]discussed before.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 1 28 900 3 10 0 10]Natural magic is, obviously enough,[n]magic that draws its power from[n]nature.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]The most popular form is probably[n]herbalism.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Calendar-based spells are also a form[n]of natural magic, since they involve[n]the seasons.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 1 28 900 3 10 0 10]Some of you may be familiar with[n]dowsing, which uses a pendulum or[n]cane to find things underground.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]This, too, is a form of natural magic.[n]It was first used to detect sources[n]of water.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]That should be enough examples,[n]I think. Let's move on to the basic[n]mindset of natural magic.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]You must first recognize yourself[n]as a part of nature, and accept its[n]power.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 1 28 900 3 10 0 10]In other words, think of human[n]existence as a microcosm of a vast[n]cosmology.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]This mindset is based on the idea of[n]the four classical elements.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Ancient magicians thought that different[n]objects which shared a common element[n]would react to one another.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]They did experiment after experiment,[n]trying to prove their hypotheses[n]about nature.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 1 28 900 3 10 0 10]...Are you all listening? I certainly[n]hope so... Eeeheehee.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]I'll give you a little test to make[n]sure.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]You'll receive an ill omen if you get[n]it wrong. Ada Ada Io Ada Dia...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Who should I pick...? All right,[n][f 0 11], I ask thee.[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 0 31 43 10 1 1]Which form of natural magic was used[n]to look for water sources?[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 2 1 0 1 1552 1]"Dowsing."[e] [f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]"Healing."[e] [f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]"Channeling."[e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 0 31 43 10 1 1]Excellent work... your answer rings[n]true. No news is good news.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 1 28 900 3 10 0 10]But back to the main subject...[n]Prayer is a part of natural magic.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]A characteristic of the prayers in[n]natural magic is that many of them[n]praise the earth goddess.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]This ties into the concept of natural[n]magic as a way of invoking nature's[n]blessing.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]As time passed, natural magic[n]developed into natural science...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]But in the transition to natural[n]science, a key element was lost.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 1 28 900 3 10 0 10]That's the problem of "time."[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Natural magic forbade the use of[n]performing spells that went against[n]the normal flow of time.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Its practitioners believed that magic[n]should not defy nature, and to this[n]day take care to follow natural laws.[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 0 31 43 10 1 1]I'm afraid not. Watch for the letter[n]that arrives at midnight...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 1 28 900 3 10 0 10]But back to the main subject...[n]Prayer is a part of natural magic.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]A characteristic of the prayers in[n]natural magic is that many of them[n]praise the earth goddess.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]This ties into the concept of natural[n]magic as a way of invoking nature's[n]blessing.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]As time passed, natural magic[n]developed into natural science...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]But in the transition to natural[n]science, a key element was lost.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 1 28 900 3 10 0 10]That's the problem of "time."[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Natural magic forbade the use of[n]performing spells that went against[n]the normal flow of time.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Its practitioners believed that magic[n]should not defy nature, and to this[n]day take care to follow natural laws.[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 0 31 43 10 1 1]Take your seats, class, and we'll[n]begin. Hi fu mi yo i mu na ya ko to[n]mo chi ra ro ne...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]This is... math class normally, yes?[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Ms. Miyahara isn't feeling well,[n]so I'll be filling in for her.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Since you came here expecting a math[n]lesson, I'll talk about numerology.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 1 28 900 3 10 0 10]Numerology is a type of magic which[n]sees the world through a system of[n]numbers.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Essentially, its practitioners[n]convert matter into numbers.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Numbers have power, and numerologists[n]take advantage of that.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 1 28 900 3 10 0 10]It's said that the first numerologist[n]was Pythagoras.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]You may know him from the Pythagorean[n]Theorem, but he's also famous for[n]practicing magic.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]He and his pupils researched what[n]they called Pythagoreanism.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 1 28 900 3 10 0 10]They realized that everything that[n]exists in this world corresponds to[n]a number.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]They considered odd numbers masculine,[n]and even numbers feminine.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]They also verified the existence of[n]holy and unholy numbers.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]The Pythagoreans focused on the numbers[n]1, 2, 3, and 4, because they add up to[n]10, which represents completeness.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]They considered these four numbers[n]to be the holy numbers, the most[n]important of all.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 1 28 900 3 10 0 10]They're called the Tetractys.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Others later developed on the[n]foundation laid by the Pythagoreans.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]More recently, there's been work done[n]on the relationship between numbers[n]and names.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 1 28 900 3 10 0 10]Let's look at this a little closer.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]I'll show you a method by which you[n]can interpret your own name's meaning.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Be sure to include your middle name,[n]too.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Now, convert each letter into a number.[n]1 for A, 2 for B, and so on. Add the[n]numbers for each letter in your name.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]If a letter has a two-digit number,[n]like 14 for N, add the two digits[n]together to make a single digit.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]By the end, you should have a number[n]between 1 and 9.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 1 28 900 3 10 0 10]This number represents an individual's[n]overall personality.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Based on that number's properties,[n]you can derive the person's general[n]characteristics.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]...Are you all listening? I hope[n]this talk of numbers hasn't put you[n]to sleep... Eeeheehee.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]How about a little test to see if[n]you were paying attention?[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Get it wrong, and numbers will haunt[n]you even in your sleep... Hi fu mi yo[n]i mu na ya ko to mo chi ra ro ne...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Who should I pick...? All right,[n][f 0 11], I ask thee.[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 0 31 43 10 1 1]What is the collective name for the[n]four holy numbers in numerology?[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]"The Tetrodotoxin."[e] [f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]"The Tetrakarn."[e] [f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 2 1 0 1 1552 1]"The Tetractys."[e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 0 31 43 10 1 1]That's correct. The actuarial tables[n]predict a happy future for you...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]A few more words on numerology and[n]names before we dismiss...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Numerology can also be used to discern[n]your inner self, public persona, your[n]future, and so on.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Convert the vowels in your name into[n]numbers and add them up. That reveals[n]your inner self.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Then take the consonants and do the[n]same to get the persona you display[n]in public.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Using the same method with your birth[n]date will calculate your future.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Be sure to use Christian Era dates in[n]this calculation.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]It's also possible to assess your[n]compatibility with another person[n]using numerology.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]By adding the digits of your birth[n]date to the other's, you can...[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 0 31 43 10 1 1]Alas, no. Now your sales tax at the[n]student bookstore will increase by 25%.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]A few more words on numerology and[n]names before we dismiss...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Numerology can also be used to discern[n]your inner self, public persona, your[n]future, and so on.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Convert the vowels in your name into[n]numbers and add them up. That reveals[n]your inner self.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Then take the consonants and do the[n]same to get the persona you display[n]in public.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Using the same method with your birth[n]date will calculate your future.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Be sure to use Christian Era dates in[n]this calculation.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]It's also possible to assess your[n]compatibility with another person[n]using numerology.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]By adding the digits of your birth[n]date to the other's, you can...[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 0 31 43 10 1 1]It's chilly today... Aieth Gadol[n]Leolam Adonai...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Ms. Ounishi left early, so I'll be[n]teaching today in her place.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]I think today we'll learn about[n]near-death experiences.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]...There's no real reason for it.[n]They've just been on my mind.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 1 28 900 3 10 0 10]Now, a near-death experience is[n]defined as something an individual[n]experiences just before death.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Is it true insight into the afterlife?[n]Or simply a trick of the brain?[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Opinions vary, but it is true that[n]near-death experiences have been a[n]hotly debated topic for some time.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 1 28 900 3 10 0 10]There are a few surviving records of[n]ancient near-death experiences.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]According to the writings of Plato,[n]a resuscitated soldier experienced[n]the afterlife as a spirit.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]A similar incident was reported in[n]Japan by ethnologist Kunio Yanagita[n]in the Tono Monogatari.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Psychologist Carl Jung wrote that in[n]his own near-death experience, he saw[n]a vision of the earth from afar.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]I'm sure you've heard your own stories,[n]from famous or infamous individuals.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]I have a few first-hand reports with[n]me today... Let me read you some of[n]them.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 1 28 900 3 10 0 10]"I felt as if my soul was detached[n]from my body." "I met a friend who[n]had already passed away."[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]"I saw my whole life flashing before[n]my eyes..."[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]"I saw the most brilliant light."[n]"I was bathed in light."[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]"I experienced complete and total[n]happiness." This is called euphoria.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]These kinds of reports are typical.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 1 28 900 3 10 0 10]Some have attempted to make direct[n]recordings of near-death experiences.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Researcher Kenneth Ring has tried to[n]quantify near-death experiences with[n]a Weighted Core Experience Index.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Modern efforts have led to a new[n]theory of near-death experiences,[n]which goes like so...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 1 28 900 3 10 0 10]If an individual who is dying denies[n]that fact...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]He eventually realizes that death is[n]a reality that he must accept, and[n]becomes angry.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]As a result, he'll try to do anything[n]he can to extend his life.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]But the futility of this leads to[n]depression.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]In the end, he accepts his fate.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 1 28 900 3 10 0 10]Although we may initially deny death,[n]we'll accept it in the end. That's[n]just how we humans are.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]...Is everyone listening? It's not[n]every day you'll hear a lesson like[n]this... Eeeheehee.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]How about a little test, to prove[n]you were listening...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Get it wrong, and memories of your[n]life at school will disappear...[n]Athah gabor leolam adnai...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Who should I pick...? All right,[n][f 0 11], I ask thee.[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 0 31 43 10 1 1]What is the feeling of happiness in[n]a near-death experience called?[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 2 1 0 1 1552 1]"Euphoria."[e] [f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]"Utopia."[e] [f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]"Yugoslavia."[e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 0 31 43 10 1 1]Good work... That is correct.[n]You'll have a happy school life.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Some people say a near-death[n]experience awakens one's higher[n]consciousness.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Whether or not that's true, there is[n]an observably lower fear of death in[n]those who have been through one.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Perhaps this is because near-death[n]experiences are surprisingly free of[n]pain and suffering.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]But this is not to say I'd want any[n]of you to seek one out... Use the time[n]you have here wisely, okay?[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]...That's all for today. Class is[n]dismissed.[n][f 0 4][e]

[f 0 8 65278][f 1 31][f 0 31 43 10 1 1]Wrong. You won't be seeing yourself[n]in the yearbook...[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Some people say a near-death[n]experience awakens one's higher[n]consciousness.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Whether or not that's true, there is[n]an observably lower fear of death in[n]those who have been through one.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]Perhaps this is because near-death[n]experiences are surprisingly free of[n]pain and suffering.[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]But this is not to say I'd want any[n]of you to seek one out... Use the time[n]you have here wisely, okay?[n][f 0 4][e][f 0 8 65278][f 1 31]...That's all for today. Class is[n]dismissed.[n][f 0 4][e]